Investigation of The Effect of Physicochemical Factors of Water on Bioavailability, Toxicity and the Level of Effectiveness of Metal Nanoparticles in Aquatic Ecosystems

Aquaculture is known as a growing industry in the world. This important industry provides food and income to local communities. Hence, it plays an important role in the economic development of countries. So far, nanotechnology has been used as an emerging knowledge in many industries, including the aquaculture sector. One of the manifestations of nanotechnology in the aquaculture industry is the use of metal nanoparticles, which is used to feeding aquatic animals, improving water quality and controlling diseases. Although these materials are widely used in aquaculture, the increase in their production and application has raised many concerns about the potential toxicity to human health and the environment. So far, several studies have been conducted on the toxic effects of metal nanoparticles in aquatic environments, but the role of environmental factors in the toxicity of these materials has received less attention. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of some physicochemical factors of water (including temperature, salinity, oxygen content, water hardness, pH and organic matter) on bioavailability,   toxicity and level of impact of metal nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems. The findings showed that the factors play an important role in reducing or increasing the effectiveness of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the importance and effectiveness of these factors in studies aimed at evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles.