The Crisis in Afghanistan and the Afghan Refugees, Challenges and Solutions from the Perspective of International Law

Under the Doha Agreement, signed between the Taliban and the United States on February 29, 2020, the two sides agreed to cease hostilities. The United States has pledged to withdraw all troops and civilian troops from Afghanistan within 14 months. The Taliban also pledged to cut off cooperation with terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda, and pledged to reduce the intensity of their attacks and advance peace talks with the Afghan government. While the agreement was expected to end some 20 years of military conflict in Afghanistan, the escalation of Taliban attacks on military and civilian targets went so far that Afghan cities fell one after another; The then president of Afghanistan fled to Abu Dhabi and Kabul was captured by the Taliban within hours. Meanwhile, despite guarantees announced by Taliban forces, a large number of Afghan nationals sought to leave the country. This has led to the world once again facing an influx of asylum seekers and the question of what international law has to do to manage such a situation; What are the commitments of member states of the international community and what are the potential gaps and challenges?