Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination Routs and Enrichment of the Diet by Rosemary Powder on Humoral Immune Response in Chukar Partridges

Newcastle is a highly contagious and deadly disease in the bird species, including partridges. Vaccine administration is one of the most important indicators of disease management. On the other hand, immune responses could be influenced direct or indirect by different herbal ingredients. In this study ??? Chukar partridges were divided into ?? groups. Then, live (B?, Clone and Lasota) and inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines were used at ?, ?, ??, ?? and ?? days of age by spray, eye drop, drinking and injection methods. The birds were fed with diets containing different levels of rosemary powder (?.?, ?, ?.? %) till to ?? days of age as starter diet. Next, blood samples were collected from the wing vein of the birds at ??, ?? and ?? days of age, and antibody titer was calculated by using Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. Treatments that were vaccinated with live and inactivated vaccines, demonstrated higher antibody production compared to live vaccines alone (P