Isolated pneumopericardium; An extremely rare complication following active resuscitation in a term neonate

Pneumopericardium, presence of air in pericardial cavity, is rare entity with potentially severe complications and mortality. In the neonatal period, it is associated with prematurity, low birth weight, and assisted ventilation, but in full term neonates its occurrence after resuscitation is exceedingly rare.

 Our patient was a 2-day old full term neonate who developed respiratory distress following active resuscitation which was carried out at the time of birth in lieu of perinatal asphyxia. He was immediately put on mechanical ventilatory support. Chest x-ray showed a "halo sign"- rim of air completely surrounding the heart, and echocardiography confirmed pneumopericardium with cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed as a life saving measure.

He was successfully discharged on the tenth day following sheath removal, and is doing fine on follow up.