Study of the Source of Political Security in Islam based on the State-oriented Approach

The most important issue underlying other subjects of discussions in the field of security is the source of security. Each of the security schools lays emphasis on a subject as the source of security as far as their cultural and value system are concerned. In the meantime, political security is one of the most important aspect of security into which researches have been conducted by Muslim scholars to explore the sources of security on the basis of the individualistic and state-oriented approaches. To further the aforementioned researches, this article seeks to explain the Qur’anic and traditional foundations of the source of security in the security system of Islam on the basis of the two approaches mentioned above. Drawing upon analytical-inferential method and with regard to the theory of Barry Buzan’s political security, the Qur’anic and traditional statements concerning the three elements (representations) of political security have been deduced. The findings of this article, which are based on the constituents of the state-oriented approach to political theory, show that in the Holy Qur’Án and in Islamic traditions there are statements which propose positive and negative rules that provide evidence of the consolidation of three representations of the Islamic state as the source of political security which can be summarized as Islamic ideology, Islamic governmental institutions, Dar al-Islam, and countering or eliminating any threat to them.