The effect of urea fertilizer application and sugarcane field drainage on some soil properties, grain yield and nutrient concentrations in quinoa seeds

One of the ways to use and exploit saline water and lands is to use salinity tolerant cultivars such as quinoa. Management of nutrients such as nitrogen in saline soils can have negative effects of salinity on growth and yield. Cut plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of urea fertilizer under irrigation conditions of sugarcane fields on some chemical properties of soil and quinoa seeds during a growing season.

A field experiment was conducted in the year 2018 in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mirza Kuchak Khan Sugarcane Cultivation and Industry Company in the southwest of Khuzestan province. In this experiment, four levels of urea fertilizer (0, 75, 150, 225 kg/ha) as the main factor and three levels of sugarcane drainage including control (Karun water with salinity of 2.5 dS-Siemens per meter) and irrigation one in between ( Karun - sugarcane drainage) and sugarcane drainage irrigation (with salinity of 7.5 dS / m) were considered as sub-factors. Seed sowing was done in the form of barley and ridges with a distance of 7-10 cm between two plants and a distance of 65 cm between the lines by hand. Irrigation treatments were applied at the seedling establishment stage. Before irrigation, soil moisture samples were taken and irrigation was done to reach the moisture content of the field capacity. For irrigation with drainage, saline water of agricultural and industrial drains was used. Soil samples were taken at the end of the quinoa cultivation period from a depth of 0-50 cm per experimental plot. At the end of quinoa growth period, quinoa seeds were chemically analyzed separately for each treatment.

The results of the present study showed that the interaction effect of treatments on mean soil salinity, soil soluble potassium and nitrogen, potassium and sodium concentrations of quinoa seeds was statistically significant but had a significant effect on soil acidity and sodium concentration, phosphorus and grain iron concentrations. Quinoa not observed. Soil salinity decreased at the end of Quinoa crop season compared to the beginning of the season in plots with Karun irrigation and increased in intermediate and drainage irrigation treatments. The highest average quinoa nitrogen (2.94%) was obtained from the level of 150 kg N / ha with one irrigation, which resulted in an increase of 56%. With increasing application of urea fertilizer in soil, a gradual increase in total nitrogen content of quinoa was observed. At all salinity levels, increasing urea fertilizer decreased the quinoa sodium content. Urea fertilizer was able to improve the absorption of potassium, which is reduced in saline conditions due to sodium toxicity.

The results of this study showed that sufficient nitrogen can be a suitable physiological solution to increase tolerance to the harmful effects of salinity in quinoa and due to the salinity nature of quinoa, in moderate irrigation management, increasing soil salinity to moderate Morphological growth conditions and grain quality of quinoa. It is recommended to replace Karun irrigation with intermittent irrigation in order to make optimal use of Karun water and achieve high quinoa yield.