A Study of the Meanings and Referents of Dahr and Sarmad from the Perspective of Ibn Sina, Mirdamad and Mulla Sadra

Investigating the commentary of Ibn Sina and Mirdamad on the expression of meanings and referents of Dahr (meta-time or aeviternity) and Sarmad (eternity or no time), it is known that Ibn Sina has given five meanings and four referents for the term Dahr, and two meanings and four referents for the term Sarmad, which sometimes contradict each other. However, this difference in interpretations can indicate the development and generalization of these two terms. Ibn Sina has stated two special features for the world of Dahr and two special features for the world of Sarmad and finally two common features between these two worlds.Mirdamad has used two innovative interpretations about the world of Dahr and has introduced two referents and three specific features for the world of Dahr. Following this commentary, he has given a referent and a special attribute for the world of Sarmad.Mulla Sadra has stated three meanings and seven referents for Dahr, and four referents for Sarmad.This article, while historical looking at this issue with an analytical-comparative method, first explains Ibn Sina's point of view and then tries to explain the approach of Mirdamad and Mulla Sadra, and finally, a comparative study of the views of these philosophers has been done.This difference in interpretation can be an indication of the efforts of these three philosophers to provide a true interpretation of these two terms, in comparison with the different levels of the universe and express their view of the universe.The purpose of this article is to explain and analyze how evolution occurs in these concepts. This can help us to understand the Intellectual foundations of the philosophers.