A Critical Study of Hermeneutical Relativism in Cognitive, Tafahhumi, Theology Based on the Transcendent Wisdom

The main issue of this research is the study of the type of relativism in "cognitive theology" and its basic critique based on transcendent wisdom. For this purpose, in the first stage, the works of Mujtahid Shabestari on the subject of theology, called by him as "cognitive theology", have been studied in a descriptive and analytical method and, then, criticized according to the rules of transcendent wisdom. The findings of this study indicate that Shabestari hermeneutics, although hesitant between Schleiermacher's author-centered hermeneutics and Gadameri-centered interpreter hermeneutics, has a more inclined direction towards Gadameri's philosophical hermeneutics. Sometimes it even goes beyond this and considers meaning as a posterior thing that is made in the process of understanding, which in any case is similar to relativism. The gap between the types of relativism indicates that the gap between subject and object is the origin of the types of relativism that have arisen following the challenge of how the object and the mind relate. However, with the epistemological principles of transcendent wisdom, this gap is filled from the beginning and does not lead to relativistic devices.