Prevention and control strategies and laboratory procedures for diagnosis of Viral diseases of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important freshwater fishes in global aquaculture and is an endemic fish in the Caspian Sea, as well. furthermore, the benefits of intensive monoculture employment have been considered over polyculture in the recent decade, but the lack of consideration to health infrastructures in aquaculture can lead to fatal diseases. Viral diseases are the most significant threats to carp farming in the world. recognizing them, implementing prevention and control methods can be a prohibition to following economic losses. Spring viremia of carp, Carp pox disease, Koi sleepy disease (Carp edema virus disease) and Koi herpesvirus disease are all recently reported diseases that infect common carp, caused by viral pathogens. This review presented details on methods of treatment, prevention, disease control strategies, and laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of all viral diseases of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Prospective methods to reduce the risk of diseases as well as their limitations are presented. It is hoped that the review could contribute to aquaculture in the prevention and controlling of Cyprinus carpio viral diseases, and serve the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.