Revisiting the Roles of Rooftop Landscapes in Iranian Cities , Through Documentaries, Literary-Artistic Works and Case Studies

Iranian cities as rich treasures reflect successful architectural and urban experiences. These cities comprise a myriad of components ranging from small to large. So far, most of these components have been the focus of researchers who have scrutinized their different aspects depending on the subject of research. Despite their numerous functions and potentials, especially in the field of landscape, rooftops  (in Persian Baams) have been overlooked by researchers. This is surprising because they are the most important spaces in Iranian homes and cities.  Therefore, this study uses document analysis to identify the forgotten and original roles of rooftop landscapes in Iranian cities. The authors of the current study believe that the roofs for Iranian houses do not just cover the lower spaces which merely serving structural function. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer this question: what roles have the rooftop landscapes had in Iranian cities and the lives of residents? This research employs content analysis to analyze documents and data related to roof space in literary texts, historical reports, visual arts associated works, and contemporary cinema. The analysis was based on the data gathered through bibliographic research and field surveys on existing Iranian houses. Roofs in Iranian cities and houses have had various functional patterns and rooftop landscapes and have been one of the most important factors contributing to the location of houses and the identity of cities, whose main roles can be identity-associated, social, or nature-related.