Effects of Echinacea on fish growth and health: A review

Fish, having a vast role in providing sufficient protein for most humans across the globe, requires strict standards and quality assurance. Disease prevalence in fish farms has been an obstacle considered by many farmers. Various synthetic therapeutics such as antibiotics and chemical substances exist vastly in the market and are constantly used for disease prevention. Nevertheless, chemicals come along with a set of drawbacks putting both fish and human health in danger.

In this study, we discussed and reviewed the chemical composition as well as the benefits of Echinacea as a natural growth promoter and an immunostimulant in aquaculture. We reviewed 31 different studies conducted on a variety of fish. Biological activities, following the administration of different levels of Echinacea, were discussed as well.

A variety of functions had been reported for Echinacea species. These properties were classified into growth increase, disease resistance, antioxidant and immunostimulating effects, along with the promotion of blood biochemical parameters.

Based on the reviewed literature, Echinacea could improve growth and immunity in cultured fish. Using natural compounds instead of chemicals could substantially help create sustainable aquaculture.