Analysis of spatial transformation in the central part of Tehran based on the theory of complexity

The city is always dynamic and changing. This dynamism is more intense in the central part of the city due to the variety of elements, actors and various processes that create the space; So that the planning of this valuable urban area has been associated with events, uncertainty and complexity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the processes, factors, mechanisms and actors affecting the complexities of spatial developments in the central part of Tehran and Introducing the theory of complexity as the basis theory in the study and planning of spatial dynamics in the central part of cities. The research method is based on the method of oriented qualitative content analysis and the information is collected in the form of documents and interviews. The statistical sample also includes 30 elite managers and experts working in the municipalities of District 12 and Districts 1 and 2 of District 11 (research area) who Are selected through purposive sampling. The results show that the four main parameters, namely space actors, processes, management and planning, and land use patterns affect the complex spatial evolution of the central part of Tehran and cause complexity features such as diversity, events, fractal nature, lack Certainty, nonlinear growth, etc. in the planning of this valuable urban area. As a result, the idea of the central part of cities is crystallized as a complex system. Also, despite the complexity of the system in the central part of Tehran and its upward trend over time, the planning of this complex system has been accompanied by the selection of comprehensive and detailed plans with reductionism, which has led to the decline and withering of the central part of Tehran. Accordingly, in studying and planning the transformations in the central part of cities, a new theoretical need is felt and that is the theory of complexity.