Influence of exhaust gas recirculation and TiO2 nanoadditives on performance and exhaust emission characteristics of ethanol/biodiesel/diesel blends in a compression ignition engine

In this study, the simultaneous effect of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel emulsion with TiO2 nanoparticles in different EGRs on emission characteristics and performance of a direct injection diesel engine was investigated. TiO2 nanoparticles at three levels of 0, 40 and 60 ppm were added to biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil at levels of 0, 10 and 20% and ethanol at levels of 0, 4 and 6% and an EGR system was used at rates of 0, 20 and 30 %. A total of 31 mixtures from biodiesel/diesel, ethanol/diesel and ethanol/biodiesel/diesel emulsions with TiO2 nanoparticles and different percentages of EGR were tested at full load at speeds of 1000, 1400 and 1800 rpm. Briefly named with BxEy + EGRw + TiO2z, that x, y, w, and z represent the biodiesel volume percentage, ethanol, EGR, and TiO2 percentage used in the mixture, respectively. The results showed that the use of B10E4 + EGR20 + TiO260 reduced NOx, CO and HC compared to pure diesel by 5.8, 20.3 and 40 percent, respectively. Also, the output power of B10E0 + TiO260 was improved by 11.2 percent compared to pure diesel. In addition, by using B10E4 + EGR30, fuel consumption increased by 26.7 percent compared to pure diesel. .