Sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase gene in DNA Barcoding of Aphanius dispar and Aphanius sophiae isolated from warm waters in Iran

This research was performed in order to determine of DNA Barcoding of Aphanius dispar and Aphanius sophiae isolated from warm waters in Iran. Samples of the desired fish were collected from Kolo areas (Ashkanan city of Fars province), Gomban spring (Arsanjan city). Molecular study using COI primers for DNA Barcoding of the studied species showed that A. sophiae, isolated from Gomban spring are genetically very close to Aphanius anatoliae, Aphanius maeandricus and Aphanius sureyanus from Turkey, which have shown themselves as separate clusters. However, the dispar species, with a genetic difference of about seven percent, has separated itself from this species and, together with the sophiae species, has created a sister cluster in the same keyboard. At the same time, the two species in question, with a much higher difference than the fasciatus and stiassnyae species in Portugal and Italy, are distinct as a separate clade. The highest genetic difference between the fasciatus and sophiae species was observed in 21% of Germany, which is very significant, was not unexpected due to the deep geographical gap between the mentioned areas. The use of primers used in this research can be effective in identifying genetic diversity, barcoding and the relationship of genetic origin of the target species.