Historical and Political Study of the Situation in Samarkand From the Beginning of the Arrival of the Arabs to the Caliphate of Mamun

Many Researchers Don't Have Exact Information About Pre-Islamic Samarkand, and Most Records are Dispersed. In the Islamic Period, too, Sources on Samarkand are Fewer Than Those on Other Cities of the Great Khorasan. However, It Can be Understood From Writings That it Has Been one of the Largest Cities of Transoxiana, and on the Route of Great Commercial Highways. The Aim of this Research is to Perform a Historical and Political Study on Samarkand's Conditions From the Beginning of Arab Conquest Till Ma'mun's Caliphate.

The Research Method of This Study is Retrospective, and of the Descriptive-Analytic Type.

Arabs Entered Samarkand in the Second Half of the First Century (A. H. ) in Order to Capture Khorasan. Qutayba-Ibni-Muslim Annexed the Whole Samarkand to Iraq. During the Abbasides Period, Samarkand Was Ruled by Abu-Muslim, and the City Was in Peace for Some Time. But After Abu-Muslim Was Killed, the Abbasides Sent Numerous Rulers to Samarkand, and Kept the Place Under Their Own Predominance. Ethic Considerations: In this Study, the Principles of Trustworthiness, Honesty, and Avoidance of Advocating Texts are Regarded.

Arab Muslims Entered Khorasan, and Marv Aftermath, Chasing Yazdgerd the Third. There, they Recognized two Great Powers of the Time, That is, the Chinese and the Turks. Arabs' Conquests have Been Mostly Done to Confront the Probable Attacks by the Chinese and Turks. The Abbasides, Whose Ancestors Date Back to Abdul-Mutalleb, Rose in the Name of Islam and Approaching the Alavids, But Pushed Back All the Others, and Monopolized the Victory to Themselves. The Abbasides Also Sent Different Rulers to Samarkand After murdering Abu-Muslim.