Comparison of SDS and TritonX-100 effects on cell removing of bovine spongy bone for using in bone replacements

Preserving the biological structure of the initial nature of cancellous bone could prepare it for a proper scaffold for successful bone tissue engineering. Moreover, it is vital to eliminate the cells belonging to its bed to increase its biocompatibility and reduce their immunological responses.

In this study, Chemical methods were used for decellularization of three-dimensional scaffolds made from spongy calfchr('39')s pelvic bone. For this purpose, the bone samples which were cut from calf pelvis bone were degreased, and then their cells were removed through chemical (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and TritonX-100 with different concentrations) method. The samples were characterized by hematoxylin and eosin staining, trichrome staining, and optical and scanning electron microscope. In the end, to ensure the absence of toxic substances in the scaffold, a cell toxicity test was conducted.

The results show that the decellularized samples with TritonX-100 of 2% and combining solution of 3% TritonX-100 and 4% SDS respectively (T3S4) can substitute for damaged cancellous bone tissue. The results indicated that calf pelvic spongy bone tissue, as a xenograft that has undergone decellularization with SDS and Triton x-100 chemical solutions, can produce an appropriate scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The natural bone tissue with preservation of collagen fibers and the presence of porosity in its structure can provide a suitable environment for tissue regeneration..

The results suggested that T3S4-acellular bone tissue can be further evaluated as a natural scaffold suitable for using in bone tissue engineering and restorative medicine.