Model of the Formation of Despair with an Islamic-Psychological Approach

Despair is one of the common problems of human beings in dealing with life events that Islamic-psychological sciences can provide effective strategies in response to this challenge. This study aims to present a conceptual model of the factors that create despair with an Islamic-psychological approach. The method used in this study was meta-synthetic. For this purpose, about 200 articles and theses were reviewed and finally, 25 research works received the highest score according to the standards were analyzed as a sample. The analyzes continued until the findings were achieved, and to collect the data, a meta-synthetic file using open and axial coding method and inductively were used; The results indicated that the pattern of despair formation has 7 dimensions: cognitive, psychological, emotional, personal, social, belief and material, which has a cognitive dimension of 6 components (cognitive error, self-underestimation, lack of self-awareness, false perception, lack of insight into God, false thoughts), material dimension with 3 components (secularism, economic problems, unattainable aspirations), social dimension with 3 components (loss of people’s rights, raising expectations, concealment of correct events), doctrinal dimension with 2 components (lack of knowledge about God, weakness of faith), individual dimension with 6 components (low self-esteem, stagnation of movement, inability to manage oneself, lack of spiritual and psychological support, aimlessness and confusion, physical factors), psychological dimension with 10 components (depression, personality traits, soul low-capacity, low action threshold against obstacles and failures, suspicion, incompetence, jealousy, stressful events, ambition, environmental determinants), the emotional dimension with 5 components (excitement, motivational deficiency, dissatisfaction emotion, annoying emotions, negative emotions) are important. As a result, a conceptual model of disappointment formation factors was drawn and presented based on these dimensions and factors, which shows the diversity of disappointment factors in terms of quantity and quality.