Complexity of Urban Infrastructure Projects؛ a framework for project leveling respect to passive defense

Leveling and securing vital and sensitive facilities and infrastructure as well as major arteries and intersections of the city is one of the main missions of the non-operational defense in the urban area. Different criteria are presented for leveling projects. The current research is aimed at providing a conceptual framework for identifying the factors causing complexity in urban infrastructure projects to scale them from the perspective of non-operating defense. To achieve this goal, using a meta-analysis method, the list of factors of complexity in the project was extracted from previous studies and was subjected to a test of a group of urban project experts and managers after the implementation, refinement and refinement. This is important through the use of consensus-specific methods and, in particular, the Delphi technique. The Delphi panel is composed of 42 executives and experts in urban projects, and after two implementation runs, there are 37 factors organized in the form of a conceptual framework based on the type and origin of complexity. The results of the studies show the significant impact of underlying and environmental factors on the complexity of the projects, as well as the greater weight of the organizational and structural complexity of the technical complexity.