Trauma; Conflict and Reconfiguration in Afghanistan

The enduring war and conflict in Afghanistan and its endless years have raised many questions over the past 40 years and various answers have been given to the researcher. The most inefficient are the existence of inefficient government, the weakness of the security forces, the ability of extremist groups, the existence of safe havens, illegal trade, and such. In the meantime, the weakness of the government has been the basis of most research and the study of the effects of the war on the Afghan people has been neglected. Research shows that continuous exposure to naked violence will increase the level of violence in the individual. Achieving peace and stability will be difficult and unlikely, however, if one observes and uses violence in a 'normal' society and transforms identity norms. Thus, the paper argues that the solution to the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan is to strengthen the government, establish order, and also focus on the level of internalized violence in the various social layers in the country. This is what is referred to as "trauma" and "trauma states"