A Model to Stabilization the Livelihood of Gardeners on the Shores of Lake Urmia against Late Spring Cold: Using a Grounded Theory Approach

Livelihoods must be sustainable in rural living space. It means being able to deal with sudden and long-term crises, shocks and stresses now and in the future, Without undermining its resources and assets. In order to stabilize livelihood, it is necessary to pay attention to determining livelihood strategies. Therefore, the aim of present study designing A Model to Stabilization the Livelihood of Gardeners on the Shores of Lake Urmia Against Late Spring Cold, Using a Grounded Theory Approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 horticultural experts who were selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. After completing the interviews, the coding process was performed in three stages: open, central and selective, and a paradigm model of the research was developed using MAXQDA18 software. The findings indicate that categories such as management challenges, inability of small-scale gardeners to adapt to environmental changes, social challenges, lack of human resources in decision-making, economic challenges and lack of infrastructure development, as Causal conditions affecting the livelihood stabilization pattern of the studied gardeners against late spring cold were identified. Underlying conditions include categories such as equipment and infrastructure factors, specialized human resources, lack of comprehensive and integrated policy, lack of coordination in the implementation of affairs and planning, economic and cultural factors. The challenges of production, market management and its challenges, the need to pay attention to the programs of resistance economy, use of regional capacities, educational and extension factors and land fragmentation were identified as intervening conditions. Finally, in order to stabilize the livelihood of gardeners on the shores of Lake Urmia against the late spring cold, operational and executive strategies, educational and research, economic-livelihood and management were identified. In general, according to the research findings, stabilizing the livelihood of gardeners against late spring cold will have several consequences such as sustainable productivity, social justice, sustainable livelihood, sustainable market management and economic sustainability in the study population.