Application of MXene and Its Composites in the Removal of Dyes, Heavy metals and Radionuclides Pollutant From Industrial and Nuclear Wastewater

Since the population has increased and various industries have developed in recent years, concerns and challenges related to water and the environment have been raised. A large part of water pollution is caused by effluents and sewage of various industries, including dyes, heavy metals, radionuclides, etc. MXenes are emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials, often known from the family of carbides or nitrates of intermediates with the general formula  The high surface area of these nanomaterials has increased the adsorption efficiency and removal of contaminants. Also, MXenes remove and absorb dyes and heavy metals, due to different functional groups on the surface. In some cases, with the help of ultraviolet radiation, increased efficiency and photocatalytic degradation have been observed. Some of these materials remove environmental pollutants by electrostatic absorption. Heavy metal ions can be trapped in the space between the thin layers of MXene plates. The reusability of these materials is often a perfect feature, as they can often be recovered and used for several cycles. MXenes are promising for water treatment membranes due to their hydrophilicity, high specific surface area, and excellent mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, these materials firstly introduced. Then the application in removing dyes, heavy metals, and radionuclides have been investigated.