The role of intelligence agencies in state-craft: from discovering secrets to creating an environment

This article seeks to examine the role of intelligence agencies in state-craft. The authors define state-craft as an intrinsic act of the government and considers the philosophy of existence of intelligence institutions as playing a role in state-craft and believe that intelligence organizations have four cognitive, supervisory, safeguarding and executive roles in order to run an efficient state-craft. This paper considers the relationship between intelligence activity and governance as a developmental relationship and believes that intelligence activity is a requirement of governance and governance is not possible without intelligence activity. The author presents three historical theoretical approaches to information, including "information as the discovery of secrets", "information as the interpretation of secrets" and "information as a tool for creating the environment" regarding the role of information in governance.