Seeds Germination Response of Various Wheat Cultivars to Early, Usual and Delayed planting Dates
An appropriate planting date of the mother plant can improve the germination and growth of the seeds resultant from these plants. This experiment was conducted as a split-plot design with three replicates during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The main factors included three planting dates (October 11, November 10, and December 10 as the early, usual, and delayed). The secondary factors were wheat cultivars (Zare and Heidari with winter growth habit, Pishgam and Alvand with the mid-growth habit, and Pishtaz and Sirvan with spring growth habit). The results of the standard germination test related to the seeds resulting from this research indicated that the highest thousand kernel weight and alpha-amylase activity with winter growth habit were obtained on October 11 planting date. On the other hand, the delay in sowing due to the increase in electrical conductivity reduced the germination rate and percentage, especially in the cultivars with winter growth type. It seems that the activity of enzymes involved in seed germination, including the activity of the alpha-amylase enzyme, could be affected by delays in planting in winter cultivars through increasing the electrical conductivity. Winter cold on the planting date of October 11 in the cultivars with spring growth type caused the production of weaker seedlings. However, the dry weight of seedlings in cultivars with spring and intermediate growth type was greater than the winter cultivars on December 10. In general, the delayed planting significantly reduced germination rate and percentage, especially in cultivars with winter growth habits. Therefore, it is recommended to use intermediate and spring cultivars in delayed cultivation.
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