Survey of livelihood economy in the Iron Age of northern Iran based on cultural data (case study of Lefour Cemetery, Savad kuh city)

The study of subsistence economics is an approach that uses the biological remains of humans, animals, and plants and the use of various sciences to reconstruct the economy and food system of different ancient human societies. This article studies the livelihood and economic system of the cultural sphere of northern Iran during the Iron Age, which ranged from the second half of the millennium to the first half of the millennium BC, examining the cultural-economic structure, the most important indicator of which is how the social interaction in the framework of the living system with the ecology of the study area (Savad Kuh) based on archaeological findings. The primary purpose of this study is to explain the livelihood costs and economy of Lefour Iron Age Cemetery. The main question is: To what extent can the plant and animal species identifiable in Lefour play a role in the livelihood economy? The present study is based on the archaeological field method, laboratory; library methods are used to analyze and compare data. According to the suitable living conditions of the region's ecology and climate, the research results are reconstructed to reconstruct Lefour's living pattern and the type of human-environment relationship in the area in a cultural-economic interaction. According to the economic systems of agriculture and animal husbandry, they are interconnected parts of a socio-economic system despite formal differences. Archaeological studies of the area indicate the existence of a hunter-gatherer, farmer, and farmer community in the Iron Age.