Numerical Simulation of Mixed Convection Heat transfer of Nanofluid In a Channel Containing an Open Cavity Using Buongiorno’s non-homogeneous model

In this paper, mixed convection of water-Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluid in a channel containing open cavity is studied. Buongiorno’s non-homogenous model, assuming the effect of the Brownian and thermophoresis of nanoparticles is applied for modeling of nanoparticle migration in base fluid. The Boussinesq approximation is used for free convection modeling. The governing equations are solved using finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm, numerically. First, a comparison is made between the results of the single-phase method and the present Buongiorno’s model. Furthermore, the effect of changes in various parameters such as Reynolds number (10, 100, 300 and 600), volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) and Richardson number (0.01, 1 and 10) on heat and nanofluid flow, have been studied in detail. The results showed that with the addition of nanoparticles, the highest increase in heat transfer occurred in the low Reynolds numbers (10.62%). Due to the dominance of thermophoresis effect, nanoparticle volume fraction is low near the hot wall. In Reynolds 10, the thermophoresis has a greater impact on the local volume fraction of nanoparticles than in high Reynolds.