The social base of the leaders of the Iranian uprisings in the first centuries of Islam

Following the rule of Muslim Arabs in Iran and some political, social and cultural developments resulting from this historical event, many uprisings of various natures took place in this land, which reached its peak in the second century AH. During these uprisings, which began almost with the Abbasid caliphate, it shook the foundations of Abbasid power for almost a century. Thus, this study seeks to answer the question of what social status the leaders of these uprising had in the Iranian society in the first centuries, who found great success in attracting followers and accompanying various members of society. However, many of these uprisings have been studied by historians from various political, religious, military, and economic perspectives; But the social standing of these leaders, who played a central role in the uprisings, has received little attention, or some have introduced them from the masses without a critical approach to what Islamic historians have written about the lineage and family of these leaders. While in this research, it has been tried to deal with the background of the leaders of these protests by using ancient historical sources and with a critical approach to the sources and in a descriptive and analytical manner. The findings of this research, based on a careful reading of historical texts, show that, contrary to popular belief, most of the leaders of these popular uprisings against Arab rule in Iran had aristocratic backgrounds and were often rooted in former Iranian families and agents.