Differential investigation of corruption in Iran and Afghanistan(Pre-trial and trial-stages)

Corruption is one of the most important causes of backwardness in societies, which causes irreparable damage to governments. Therefore, dealing with such crimes will be possible when accompanied by the strong will of the responsible institutions and the establishment of correct rules in criminal laws and procedures. The present study is based on the question of whether Iran and Afghanistan have taken a different approach to corruption offenses. Have legislators considered the specificity of these crimes in passing laws? Both countries have taken effective measures in this regard in accordance with the law, but this does not mean taking a comprehensive approach to these crimes. In some cases, these criminals play an important role in the law-making process, and sometimes they are ignored. The existence of special features distinguishes these crimes from other crimes, which make the differential of litigation necessary. The present study is an attempt to examine the laws of both countries in accordance with the United Nation Convention and to distinguish between different stages of litigation and the role of experts in discovery and investigation.