Numerical Computation of Wave Forces to Cylindrical Piles in Turbulent Flow by WCSPH Method using Combination of Kernel Gradients Correction and Riemann Solvers

Cylindrical piles are commonly used in coastal and offshore engineering as support structures for piers, offshore platforms and wind turbines. In this research wave impact to consecutive cylindrical piles was numerically simulated by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH).The Simulation was performed by unsteady state Navier-Stokes Equations in Lagrangian form. Modelling the real fluid in simulation, the SPS Turbulent method with laminar viscosity was applied in momentum equations. WCSPH has the advantage of exact free surface simulation. But applying this method and especially with turbulent methods causes large errors in pressure field and wave forces. Therefore due to large and unphysical oscillations in pressure field, Riemann Solvers was used to modify the WCSPH. Furthermore due to using diffusion terms in momentum equations, the corrected gradient of kernel was applied. The developed method with non-conservative Riemann solvers with corrected gradient of kernel was called SPH-T-NCR against the non-modified method called SPH-T. Validating the numerical model, the horizontal wave force was compared to three dimensional dam break experimental data. Good agreement was seen between SPH-T-NCR results and those of experimental. Then the resulting force of a regular wave to one and three cylindrical piles was computed. Furthermore the flow pattern around the piles was simulated.