Rulings and Effects of a Judge’s Muhabati Contracts in Jurisprudence of Islamic Denominations

The Muhabati Contract (gratis bargain) of judges is a discrepancy in the Islamic jurisprudence and some of jurists consider them some kind of bribery and therefore as a forbidden act. The main question of this article is: “Is it legal for judges to apply such bargains and receive such a free property?” Also this issue is of importance that: “Are these bargains invalid in the case of illegality?” The subject of this article is to study the commandment and effect of these kinds of bargains for judges and to analyze the religious reasons discussed in the five Islamic schools of thought. In this matter it will be proved that the main factor on the commandment of these bargains is the intention of the parties. If they intend to give and get bribery, this property will be bribery and if not, it will be legal and it is some kind of gift. In the end, it is concluded that if the judge's gratis bargains are without the intention of bribery and there is no other corruption in them, they are permissible for the judge.