Methods of wastewater refining in extracting and processing of crude oil in order to prevent water pollution

Due to its significant volume and pollution, the extracting and processing of wastewater from crude oil is a serious challenge in oil industries. The discharge of these wastewaters to the acceptor environment or to reuse them requires the provision of environmental standards. Therefore, the study of different wastewater refine methods is of great importance. 

In this study, the different processes of wastewater refinery produced in oil industry units included the first, second (physicochemical methods), and third stages of refinery methods (biological) were studied.

The first refinery stage is used as the most widely used method based on water weight dispute, oil, and sand, and its biggest drawback is the lack of gathering particles smaller than 150 microns. The second refinery stage included flocculation and air flotation methods and the efficiency of this method for water polluted by oil is 95%, and one of the most disadvantages of this method are high costs of chemical supplies and maintenance. The third refinery stage is the biological method which has the highest efficiency in wastewater refinery, and disadvantages of this method including high electrical and mechanical equipment, and also high costs due to high energy consumption.

The second and third refinery stages are expensive and one can be stated that the combination of the second or third method with the first stage is achieved as the most efficient method in extracting and processing of crude oil.