Review of Economics Trait and Genetic Disorders in Animal and Poultry

To date, most genetic progress for quantitative traits in livestock has made by selection on phenotype or estimates for breeding values drived from phenotype, without any knowledge of the number of genes that affect the trait or the effects of each gene. In this quantitative genetic approach to genetic improvement, the genetic architecture of interested traits has essentially been treated as a black box. Genetics can measure genotypes with molecular techniques, and then examine directly how genetic variation maps on to phenotypic variation. There are two major types of measured genotype approaches in quantitative genetic: 1- linkage mapping approach that in which the genotypes being measured are used as markers of chromosomal segment. 2- Candidate gene approach which prior knowledge indicates that surveyed loci may be involved in the phenotype of interest. In other words, DNA markers within or near genes whose products are known to be involved in relevant physiological processes and/or development are evaluated for effects on this traits. The objective in this paper is to short review the some of candidate gene for using in new animal breeding programs.