Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer, and its relation with soil mineral elements in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in Iran

The symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in rhizosphere of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer season in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in 2018 was done. The statistical results show that season and station have a significant effect on the amount of AMF spores in the local rhizosphere of the plant. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in summer was higher (172.26%) than spring. Also, the number of spores in the soil, the percentage of symbiosis (as root length colonization) and seasonal factor had a significant effect on the essential oil yield of the plant and the highest yield of essential oil was observed in summer. By decreasing the amount of phosphorus in the rhizospheric soil, the colonization percentage was increased. The proper indigenous type of mycorrhiza helps to absorb water, nutrients, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen of the plant, which has resulted in increased plant life and growth under severe environmental conditions. Considering the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis and its interaction with soil mineral elements, this information can be effective in the development of cultivation of medicinal plant Chaerophyllum macrospermum.