Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Presence of Human and Xenogeneic Acellular Dermal Matrix and Collagen Membrane: an in vitro Study

Statement of the Problem: 

Predictable bone regeneration is an objective in implant and periodontal treatments and barrier membranes may play a significant role in osteogenic reconstruction and differentiation.

We compared the osteoblastic differentiation level of bone marrow stem cells in the vicinity of different barrier membranes.

In this experimental in vitro study, human collagen membrane (HCM; Regen), xenogeneic collagen membrane (XCM; Jason), human acellular dermal matrix (HADM; Regen), and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (XADM) were used in 4 groups. No membranes were used in the control group (5th group). Bone marrow stem cells with 150,000 cells/well density were added to the culture medium. Cellular differentiation was assessed through real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) gene expression, and Alizarin Red staining after 21 days. Data were analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis and Mann–Whitney statistical tests on SPSS 20 software (p Value< 0.05).

ALP gene expression was significantly higher in HCM group compared to other four groups (p< 0.009) followed by XADM, control, HADM and XCM groups, respectively (p< 0.001). OPN gene expression was significantly more prominent in HCM group compared to other groups (p< 0.01) followed by XADM group in which OPN gene was expressed significantly more than XCM group. OPN gene expression was not significantly different in HADM and control groups (p= 0.52). Light absorption rate was higher in HCM group compared with other groups (p< 0.012). Light absorption rate was not significantly different among HADM, XADM, and control groups (p> 0.05), though it was higher in XCM group (p= 0.009).

Bone marrow stem cells show different levels of differentiation in the vicinity of different membranes. Generally, cell differentiation was more prominent in the vicinity of human collagen membrane.