A Review of the Prison Institution; In Ancient and Contemporary Historical Periods

The institution of prisons has always fluctuated with the development of societies and human civilization in historical periods. What is certain is that this institution existed and was used in different forms in ancient civilizations such as ancient Iran, Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient Anatolia, and finally Greece and ancient Rome. Is. Therefore, what is known today as a prison institution with a criminal approach is different from what was considered in the past as a prison institution with a custodial and not a criminal approach. With this definition, the distinction between the function and goals of prisons in the Middle Ages, which was actually a place of detention and not for the purpose of executing the sentence of deprivation of liberty, with the goals and principles of prisons in today's advanced world, which actually has a different function than in the past, Is different. Today, the prison institution has adopted a new approach with the development of various sciences. The current research aims to explain this issue by descriptiveanalytical method on authentic library sources and documents. The results indicate that with the advancement of science and the introduction of technology into human life, the institution of prison has not been exempted from this and has undergone changes. The advancement of technology and technology has greatly helped the de-incarceration policy in Iran and the penal policies of other countries.