Three-dimensional (3D) Visualization Educational Modeling for Ophthalmology Residents’ Training: Viewpoints

Three-dimensional models are used to guide residents and physicians in accessing specific anatomical areas and types of fractures and better diagnosis of anomalies. These models are useful for illuminating complex anatomical areas, such as orbit, especially limited space with sensitive access. The aim of this study was to design a three-dimensional visualization educational modeling for ophthalmology residents’ training.

This study is a product-oriented application that uses radiological images of anatomy, anomalies, and orbital fractures based on actual CT scans of patients. These CT scans were carefully selected from the Picture Archiving and Communication System of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

To produce twelve 3D models, the CT scan files were converted to 3D printer output. Then, the models were presented to residents at a training session by an ophthalmologist. These models created all major fractures associated with the orbit area and most disorders, anomalies of this area and several normal anatomical. The features of 3D models were mentioned. The strengths and weaknesses of the educational modeling, the level of satisfaction with the use of three-dimensional models, suggestions and criticisms were assessed qualitatively by the residents. Satisfaction was reported 100% by residents. Suggestions for future 3D models were presented, and the only criticism was fear of exams and grades.

Real-size 3D modeling help to understand the spatial and mental imagery of anatomy and orbital pathology and to touch different anatomical areas creates a clear image in the minds of residents, especially in the orbit.