Evaluation of the Quality of Woolen Yarns Dyed with Madder and Weld in the Presence of Citrus

The natural fibers of wool as a pile yarn in the hand-woven carpet have an unpleasant odor that makes the user feel uncomfortable. In many researches, scientists have paid attention to the use of different chemical compounds to eliminate unpleasant odors. Synthetic dyes and co-agents have destructive and adverse effects on nature, the use of new and natural resources, especially those that are more biodegradable, has received much attention in the last few decades for scientists around the world and is of great importance. Citrus peels contain substances such as natural oils, linalool compounds, aromatic substances, carotenoids, and anthraquinone dyes, which can be used to improve vegetable dyeing. The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of citrus waste to improve the quality of natural dyeing of woolen yarn with madder and weld. The dyeing characteristics of the samples were studied by measuring the color parameters L* a* b* and K/S dye absorption and the washing, staining, and light fastnesses of the samples. Also, dyed samples' hardness and their odor were qualitatively measured and studied. The results showed that the color quality of dyed woolen yarns was enhanced to some extent in the presence of citrus peel. dyeing fastness in the presence of citrus was improved. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy showed a change in the amount of absorption affected by the presence of citrus peel components in the dyeing bath. The use of orange and lemon peel also improved the natural unpleasant natural odor of wool fibers and their hardness.