The world capital system, the commercialization of Iran’s agriculture and its economic and social consequences in the second half of the nineteenth century

With the Pushed of Iran's Economy Around the World Capitalist System in The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century, Various Changes and Transformations Occurred in The It's Economy that One of the Most Important of them Was the Commercialization of a Major Part of Iran's Land Economy, which Significantly Changed the Mode and Relations of Land Production in Iran and Left Certain Social and Political Consequences. The Main Issue in this Study is to Investigate Why and How Iranian Agriculture is Commercialized Under the Influence of the Global Capitalist Economy and its Economic and Social Consequences. In this Article, with Applying Dependency Theory, shown that the Commercialization of Iranian Agriculture in the nineteenth century under Peripheral conditions of the global capitalist system, in Addition to Being Not a Development Process in Iran's Land Economy, but also No Result for Economic Growth and Benefits for Iranian Society. Iran’s Commercial Agriculture in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century did not Achieve any Long-Term Success in Balancing Iran's Foreign Trade and it Only Caused Many Problems in Providing the Essential Feed Needs of the Iranian People, Occurrence of Various Famines, High Cost of Public Victuals and the Imposition of Relentless Pressure and Starvation on the Majority of Iranian Society for Nearly a Century and one of the Main Causes of Population Loss was the Persistent Famines of the Second half of The Nineteenth Century and The Lack of Public Victuals.