The Struggles of Tabriz Women During the Bread Famines of the Mozaffari Era (1313-1324 AH)

Economic crises and problems in the Qajar era have always threatened the people's lives. The high price of bread was one of the most important and vital economic problems of the people in this period. Historical sources at the end of the Naseri era and during the Mozaffari era report the scarcity and high cost of bread in Tabriz and, as a result, public protests in this city. Riots and public protests about the lack of bread were often accompanied by a serious presence of women. In Tabriz during the Mozaffari era, the presence of women in the bread crisis protests was very evident. Women's victories in the bread riots, which sometimes caused the retreat of the rulers and the change of some government officials in the states, gave women the confidence to participate in other social demands. These collective protests became a model for the subsequent struggles of Tabriz women with the Qajar government in the events of the constitutional period. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and citing library sources, aims to deal with the role and efforts of Tabriz women in the protests against the bread crisis in the Mozaffari era and examine some of the results and effects of their struggles in this field.