Iconological Reading of the Symbolic Motif of Simurq in Sassanid Textiles based on Panofsky’s Views

Simurq is one of the most frequent motifs of ancient times on various works and buildings that has a mythological basis and is related to political and religious concepts. This study aims to recognize and investigate the political andritual role of Simurq on Sassanid fabrics. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the iconology approach. According to Erwin Panofsky’s views and in order for finding the content and semantic meaning of the role of Simurq on fabrics, this study attempts to read the image and the three levels in the text of the work of art. The sample size includes 5 case samples of available fabrics that have been selected purposefully. The results of the study indicate that the role of Simurq originates from the culture and religion of the people of Iran and has a prominent role. As a symbol of unity between material and spiritual powers, this bird was illustrated in the form of a creature combined of real animal organs such as the dog’s head, horse’s neck and chest, eagle’s wings, lion’s legs and peacock’s tail in the Sassanid period. In fact, the role of Simurq in the dress of the Sassanid king is a manifestation of God’s support for him and his political and religious legitimacy accordingly; as he is endowed with glory, supported with wide open wings and empowered by the Simurq.