Social changes and the fall of patrimonial governments: a case study of the Umayyad Caliphate and Pahlavi II.

This article examines the role of social changes in the fall of the Umayyad and Pahlavi governments. The main question of the research is how the aforementioned developments, especially in the field of social classes, have affected the decline of the Umayyad and Pahlavi governments? The hypothesis of the research is that the contradiction of the monarchy with the new requirements creates a conflict that ultimately makes the current government unable to attract new forces. The research results show that during the Umayyad era, new forces emerged that had new demands and wanted their share of power. The Pahlavi II government also tried to keep the monarchy alive in the modern era and for this reason failed to attract new forces with new civil demands. Therefore, both governments have similarities that show themselves especially in relation to their decline and fall. In the current article, the research method is based on the collection of historical documents and documents in a library style and the analysis of the obtained data.