Comparative Study of The Ilkhanid and Timurid's Bindings With Mamluk Period With Emphasis on Binding of Quran

Bookbinding had been important as one of the techniques of the illumination in Islamic civilization, and bookbinders mixed their artistry ingenuity with Islam spiritual insight in the Islamic era, and produced unique covers of Quran. In the Islamic era, the period of ruling Ilkhanid and Timurid in Iran and Iraq is the period of development and promotion of the art of bookbinding. And by their wide supports, many supernal Qurans was transcribed. Contemporaneous, the dynasty of Mamluk ruled in Syria and Egypt. They also claimed that are the supporters of true Islam. To demonstrate the superiority and showing legitimacy, they strongly supported from Quran calligraphy. In result of this competition , they made many copies of Quran, that their bookbinding in comparison had a lot similarity, with those are made in the Ilkhanid and Timurid era. This research uses the descriptive- analytical method and Data is collected using field research and published material. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare similarity and differences aspects of covers of Quran that made in mentioned eras based on substance, motifs, and making style. The results of the research indicate that many current bindings motifs, first appeared on Persian covers in this era, and then used widely on Mamluk bookbinding as pattern of bindings of Quran.