Graphene-Based Planar Microstrip Patch Antenna with Circular Polarization Capability

In this paper, a graphene-based patch antenna structure is designed. Due to the use of graphene, the design of the antenna is directly related to its chemical potential. The structure of this paper is developed from constant chemical potential ( ) to control the polarization of the antenna, which can provide a specific radiation behavior for the field around the antenna. Therefore, the possibility of achieving an antenna with optimal adaptation in the frequency range of 2 to 4 THz with resonant frequency 3.2 THz and return loss in the range of 2.9 to 4 THz has been investigated. In addition, the possibility of creating antenna polarization with constant potential in two modes of right and left-hand circular polarization has been investigated. At around the 3 THz frequency range, an axial ratio of less than 3 dB is obtained. For the frequency range of 2.9 to 3.05 THz, the polarization is achieved in RHCP and LHCP modes. The method for attaining circular polarization is to add circular layers at the edges of the structure antenna. A considerable bandwidth can be obtained with this technique.