Comparative study of covenant rituals in three mythical versions of Shahnameh, Iliad and Idris (with emphasis on images of rituals in the manuscript)

AbstractIn this article, we have made a comparative study of treaty and contract management in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. The results show that the treaty and the need to adhere to it has been of great importance in the Shahnameh, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Among these common elements is the necessity of the bitter punishment of the transgressors on the Day of Judgment. Another common feature is the presence of witnesses and witnesses in any contract that strengthens and increases its validity. Another common etiquette is to give a kind of "sign" to each other, which indicates the commitment and loyalty of both parties to the treaty, sometimes as a hostage and sometimes as a weapon and weapon of war, or a ring (flower) or ring to play this role. Are in charge. Rituals such as sacrifice and shaking hands when making a pact are also common among these tribes. Of course, the method of concluding the treaty and also its forms in these two works were not exactly consistent with each other, for example, sprinkling is one of the etiquettes mentioned in the Iliad and the Odyssey, but there is no sign of it in the Shahnameh.