Breakup of the First Political Parties in Iran during the Constitutional Era in Accordance with the Theory of La Palombara and Weiner

The first experience of forming a political party in Iran dates back to the constitutional era. But these political parties were never able to have a continuous and useful activity in the Iranian society at that time, and after a short time, they disappeared and no trace of them remained. In this article, the reasons of non-continuity of first constitutional political parties are examined in terms of the views of two political thinkers, Joseph La Palombara and Miner Weiner. The main question is what factors contributed to the lack of continuity of the first political parties of the constitutional era? To answer this question, it is hypothesized that the non-implementation of the modernization project in Iran at that time prevented creating the necessary grounds for the emergence of parties. According to these two thinkers, parties can continue to exist if society has undergone the modernization process. In this study, the subject is addressed using the review and library method