Determining the efficiency and optimization of energy consumption in dryland wheat production under uncertainty conditions: A case study of Khoy County

In recent decades, along with other factors of production, energy has played a decisive role in the economic growth of countries. But high levels of energy intensity have negative effects on the environment. Therefore, attention to energy efficiency and optimization discussion shows its importance. The aim of this study is investigate the efficiency and optimization of energy consumption of dryland wheat in Khoy under uncertainty. The data used in this study was collected through a face to-face questionnaire method with 192 dry land wheat farmer in year 2019. The results showed that the total input energy is 20137.06 MJ h-1, the highest amount is related to the diesel-fuel (58.12%), seeds (15.40%) and machinery (14.15%), respectively. The total energy output was 47966.42 MJ h-1 and energy efficiency indicators for the constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale model are 5.6 and 2.5, respectively. By applying these parameters, the total optimum energy for the models presented were calculated 8565.3 and 18726.47 MJ h-1, respectively. It means that we can reduced 53.7% and 7% energy consumption in the production of this product. In the region under study, wheat production is mainly related to non-renewable resources (83%), which it is a serious risk to human health and environmental pollution. For example, at a level of conservatism of 7 (Γ = 7) in the CRS model, 57.3% of total energy consumption and 64.8% of fuel consumption can be reduced, which indicates the inefficiency of farmers. Therefore, the use of mechanized equipment to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the applying of labor for threshing is recommended.