Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of Anbarnesa smoke and its antiviral activity

Anbarnesa is the female donkey dung typically collected after the labor and in early springtime.

The chemical composition of the smoke collected from Anbarnesa was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and its antiviral activity was analyzed based on 3‑[4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl]‑2,5‑diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

As a result, twenty‑two constituents representing 97.1% of the Anbarnesa smoke could be identified. Hexadecanoic acid (29.4%), cis‑9‑octadecenoic acid (17.7%), and octadecanoic acid (10.8%) were the smoke’s main constituents, respectively. Antiviral activity was evaluated using MTT assay. The CC50 value of the compound on Hep2 and Verro cells was 2271.2 μg/mL and 5077.5 μg/ mL, respectively. Furthermore, the 50% inhibitory concentration value on adenovirus and herpes simplex type‑1 was 802.55 μg/mL and >5077.5, respectively.

it was revealed that Anbarnesa was nontoxic in 1/64, 1/128, and 1/256 dilutions, while the toxicity was detected in 1/32 dilution after 72 h. In addition, in 1/8 and 1/16 dilutions, cell toxicity was identified in the first hour.