Iranian Refugees in the Ottoman Empire and Their Role in Ottoman Military Actions Against the Ṣafavīds

The residence of Iranian elites in the Ottoman empire resulted in major changes in different parts of government and influenced various events. These elites were some of the most influential variables in the military changes that occurred at the time. Their presence and influence can be explored through the different aspects of military actions taken during Salīm the First and Sulaymān Qānūnī’s age. The present study analyses the role of Iranian political and military elites in the Ottaman’s attacks on the Ṣafavīds. We also explore the different forms of co-operation between elites and Ottomans through the battles of Chāldurān in A.H. 940/A.D. 1533 and A.H. 955/A.D. 1548. The study recognizes Iranian elites as major factors giving rise to the battles between the Ottomans and the Ṣafavīds. In addition, it is concluded that some of the Iranian elites joined the Ottoman army and thus strengthened their army and weakened the Ṣafavīds’. The Iranian refugees’ role is also visible through the achievements of the Ottomans.