Geology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of Taftan volcano: An approach to geodynamic of Makran-Chagai magmatic arc

The Taftan volcano hosts an extensive volcanic activity during Late Miocene to Quaternary where took place over Makran-Chagai subduction zone. Taftan rocks are mainly basaltic andesite, andesite, trachyandesite, and dacite that occur as lavas and pyroclastic rocks. They are characterized by basic-intermediate inclusions enclosed by acidic groundmass, and disequilibrium textures in plagioclase phenocrysts including sieve texture, zoning, and dissolution margin, which may reflect magma mixing. These rocks record high-K calc-alkaline to calc-alkaline affinity with enrichment in LREE and LILE relative to HREE and HFSE, respectively. These features, coupled with the clear depletion in HFSE (such as Nb, Ta, and Ti) are consistent with typical subduction-related volcanic arcs. Taftan primary melts might have been produced by ~15% partial melting of spinel lherzolite mantle. The normalized multi-element patterns which mimic the upper continental crust values, and enrichment in Pb, Th, U, and Rb agree well with magma evolution by assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC). The available isotopic geochronology dataset reveal that the youngest volcanoes of the Makran-Chagai magmatic arc are Bazman and Kuh-e-Sultan volcanoes. A geochemical comparison of these volcanoes highlights that magmatism in the Taftan where the crust is thick, underwent a higher degree of crustal assimilation en route to the surface.