Investigating the polarization of the discourse system in the composition of Mohtasham Kashani based on Van Dyke's theory

Poetry discourse analysis allows the reader to become aware of the poet's worldview, ideas, beliefs and mental imagery. This issue is doubly evident in relation to Shiite and Ashura poetry, which is often based on the emphasis on the positive pole of the "self" and the marginalization of the negative pole of the "other." The composition of Mohtasham Kashani is one of the masterpieces of Persian literature in which the bipolar system of emphasis and marginalization plays an essential role in shaping its discourse. Since this work was formed in response to the oppression that was inflicted on Imam Hussein (AS) and those around him in the event of Ashura; Thus, its text becomes a linguistic network in which the identity of the "self" is highlighted and the identity of the "other" is marginalized due to the interpretive dimension of the signs and the esteemed awareness of the power of language and levels of discourse. In the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the discourse system of Mohtasham's composition by relying on descriptive-analytical method and by referring to Vandic's theory of critical discourse analysis. The horizontal section of compositional discourse shows that the marginalization of another identity is the prominent pole of compositionalization (61%), which is reinforced by vertical sections that include levels of meaning, propositional structure, grammar, and reasoning.