The Judicial Process of Individual Labor Disputes in Iran, France and the United States

The large number of employers and employees and their substantial participation in the economy and the weak position of employees in the labor-management relationship, demonstrates the importance and necessity of research on individual labor dispute resolution. This paper is a comparative study of the judicial mechanisms for individual labor dispute resolution in Iran, France and The United States. In Iran, unlike the two other countries, administrative authorities resolve labor disputes under special rules. This study will show that the use of a professional judge who is an expert in labor law and familiar with the social, political and economic aspects of labor relations, in addition to representatives of workers and employers who truly represent their respective groups, together with reforming procedural aspects of labor law, especially in terms of discovery of evidence, will significantly improve Iranian labor law.